Europe faces four major challenges today: massive waves of refugees, m traduzione - Europe faces four major challenges today: massive waves of refugees, m Russo come dire

Europe faces four major challenges

Europe faces four major challenges today: massive waves of refugees, making conflict-resolution in Syria even more urgent; terrorist threats from Islamic State; Russian military presence and economic pressures on a still fragile Ukraine; and the rise of anti-EU, populist sentiments. The four issues are interrelated, as a key player in all of them is Russia.
Europe — governments and public opinion — connects Moscow's military support of Syrian President Bashar Assad, and their air strikes over populated areas, with the recent worsening of the refugee ordeal. To them, the Kremlin has become a threat to security, stability and prosperity on the European continent.

Since the annexation of Crimea and war in eastern Ukraine, Europeans have very little trust in the Russian leadership, and no big expectation as to what Moscow can deliver. This marks a radical change from the 2000s, when Russia was respected and courted as a major partner in trade, economic cooperation, and security, and had friends in many capitals.

Now, European leaders work hand-in-hand in tactical damage control. When they get together, they discuss how to deter the Kremlin from making more dangerous moves. They no longer argue about how to actively "engage" with Moscow and repair the relationship: this is too far-off a perspective.

The time horizon is short and the bottom line practical. The European focus has been on raising the costs for Russia, of military intrusion and economic subversion in Ukraine, and other neighboring countries. The aim is to never leave the Russian president unattended, which means pestering him with numerous phone calls and repeated demands to negotiate and let us deliver humanitarian aid. Europe's core position, together with the United States and allies, is to stay firm on principles, notably the fundamental human right to live in peace.

For two years now, a unified position in defense of Ukraine has held on unexpectedly well among Europeans, and in transatlantic relations, as well as with allies on other continents, like Australia and Japan. Sanctions are only one aspect of this unity. All governments express special solidarity with the states that feel more vulnerable, like the Baltic republics, and NATO is in the process of reinforcing defense and combat readiness in the East.

Moscow has so far failed in its tradgame of divide and rule — even though several nations, like the Finnish, Latvian, or Slovakian, were hurt by sanctions and Russian counter-sanctions.

Against all odds, Putin's adventurism has strengthened bonds between democracies at a time of economic hardship, rising populism, and daunting refugee problems. Putin, probably, did not expect Western solidarity to be firm, nor did he expect to be caught in painful, lengthy negotiations over Ukraine and Syria.

The resolute Angela Merkel-François Hollande tandem forced Russia-backed rebels in the Donbass to curtail armed combat, and pressured Kiev for political-administrative and economic reforms. The cease-fire agreement, brokered in Minsk, was a true achievement for Kiev and for French and German diplomacies, even though the document is cumbersome, unlikely to be fully implemented or to give back to Ukraine its legitimate borders.

Paris and Berlin kept a constant hotline with Moscow and offered face-saving tactics. Hollande even suggested, on several occasions, that sanctions could be eased, as a carrot to draw Putin closer to European positions. But to no avail — all along, the Kremlin has proved unwilling to compromise, and now looks ready to go for a long-lasting, if low-intensity conflict in Ukraine.

As with the Minsk process, negotiations on Syria have produced unsatisfactory documents that do not solve the conflict, but reduce the level of violence and casualties.

It may seem inappropriate to compare the Donbass and Syria, where the magnitude of violence, casualties, destruction and refugees is limitless. Yet, Moscow drew parallels, and in both cases denied the peaceful nature of political protest against a corrupt government, thereby justifying armed retaliation.

The conflict in Syria started in 2011 as civilian contest, as in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Assad resorted to disproportionate repression to crush social rebellion, and failed. An all-out internal war ensued, and, worse still, IS took root in Syria in 2014.Moscow could have put its weight in a political transaction for the dictator to depart, and stop arms delivery to Damascus, but chose not to do it. The preference went to a prolonged civil war, even as terrorism spread.In the autumn of 2015, Russia wanted to win back some Western respect, especially following the Paris terrorist acts on Nov. 13. But it failed to build a coalition, choosing instead to fully side with Assad's "regular army," strike rebels and Islamists alike, and antagonize most Western and Arab countries.
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Europe faces four major challenges today: massive waves of refugees, making conflict-resolution in Syria even more urgent; terrorist threats from Islamic State; Russian military presence and economic pressures on a still fragile Ukraine; and the rise of anti-EU, populist sentiments. The four issues are interrelated, as a key player in all of them is Russia.Europe — governments and public opinion — connects Moscow's military support of Syrian President Bashar Assad, and their air strikes over populated areas, with the recent worsening of the refugee ordeal. To them, the Kremlin has become a threat to security, stability and prosperity on the European continent.Since the annexation of Crimea and war in eastern Ukraine, Europeans have very little trust in the Russian leadership, and no big expectation as to what Moscow can deliver. This marks a radical change from the 2000s, when Russia was respected and courted as a major partner in trade, economic cooperation, and security, and had friends in many capitals.Now, European leaders work hand-in-hand in tactical damage control. When they get together, they discuss how to deter the Kremlin from making more dangerous moves. They no longer argue about how to actively "engage" with Moscow and repair the relationship: this is too far-off a perspective.The time horizon is short and the bottom line practical. The European focus has been on raising the costs for Russia, of military intrusion and economic subversion in Ukraine, and other neighboring countries. The aim is to never leave the Russian president unattended, which means pestering him with numerous phone calls and repeated demands to negotiate and let us deliver humanitarian aid. Europe's core position, together with the United States and allies, is to stay firm on principles, notably the fundamental human right to live in peace.For two years now, a unified position in defense of Ukraine has held on unexpectedly well among Europeans, and in transatlantic relations, as well as with allies on other continents, like Australia and Japan. Sanctions are only one aspect of this unity. All governments express special solidarity with the states that feel more vulnerable, like the Baltic republics, and NATO is in the process of reinforcing defense and combat readiness in the East.Moscow has so far failed in its tradgame of divide and rule — even though several nations, like the Finnish, Latvian, or Slovakian, were hurt by sanctions and Russian counter-sanctions.Against all odds, Putin's adventurism has strengthened bonds between democracies at a time of economic hardship, rising populism, and daunting refugee problems. Putin, probably, did not expect Western solidarity to be firm, nor did he expect to be caught in painful, lengthy negotiations over Ukraine and Syria.The resolute Angela Merkel-François Hollande tandem forced Russia-backed rebels in the Donbass to curtail armed combat, and pressured Kiev for political-administrative and economic reforms. The cease-fire agreement, brokered in Minsk, was a true achievement for Kiev and for French and German diplomacies, even though the document is cumbersome, unlikely to be fully implemented or to give back to Ukraine its legitimate borders.Paris and Berlin kept a constant hotline with Moscow and offered face-saving tactics. Hollande even suggested, on several occasions, that sanctions could be eased, as a carrot to draw Putin closer to European positions. But to no avail — all along, the Kremlin has proved unwilling to compromise, and now looks ready to go for a long-lasting, if low-intensity conflict in Ukraine.As with the Minsk process, negotiations on Syria have produced unsatisfactory documents that do not solve the conflict, but reduce the level of violence and casualties.It may seem inappropriate to compare the Donbass and Syria, where the magnitude of violence, casualties, destruction and refugees is limitless. Yet, Moscow drew parallels, and in both cases denied the peaceful nature of political protest against a corrupt government, thereby justifying armed retaliation.The conflict in Syria started in 2011 as civilian contest, as in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. Assad resorted to disproportionate repression to crush social rebellion, and failed. An all-out internal war ensued, and, worse still, IS took root in Syria in 2014.Moscow could have put its weight in a political transaction for the dictator to depart, and stop arms delivery to Damascus, but chose not to do it. The preference went to a prolonged civil war, even as terrorism spread.In the autumn of 2015, Russia wanted to win back some Western respect, especially following the Paris terrorist acts on Nov. 13. But it failed to build a coalition, choosing instead to fully side with Assad's "regular army," strike rebels and Islamists alike, and antagonize most Western and Arab countries.
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Risultati (Russo) 2:[Copia]
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Европа стоят четыре основные задачи сегодня: массовые волны беженцев, делая урегулирование конфликтов в Сирии еще более актуальной; террористические угрозы со стороны исламского государства; России военное присутствие и экономическое давление на все еще ​​хрупкой Украины; и рост анти-ЕС, популистских настроений. Четыре вопроса взаимосвязаны, так как ключевым игроком во всех из них является Россия.
Европа - правительства и общественное мнение - подключает военную поддержку Москвы сирийского президента Башара Асада, и их воздушные удары над населенными районами, с недавним обострением тяжелого испытания беженцев , К ним, Кремль не стал угрозой для безопасности, стабильности и процветания на европейском континенте. С присоединением Крыма и войны на востоке Украины, европейцы очень мало доверия к российскому руководству, а не большие ожидания относительно того , что Москва может доставляем. Это знаменует собой радикальное изменение с 2000 - х годов, когда в России уважали и ухаживали в качестве основного партнера в торгово-экономическом сотрудничестве и безопасности, и были друзья во многих столицах. В настоящее время, европейские лидеры работают рука об руку в тактической борьбе за живучесть. Когда они собираются вместе, они обсуждают , как удержать Кремль от принятия более опасные шаги. Они больше не спорят о том , как активно "заниматься" с Москвой и восстановить отношения: это слишком далеко от перспектива. Временной горизонт короткий и нижняя линия практично. Европейский акцент был сделан на повышение расходов для России, военного вторжения и экономической подрывной деятельности в Украине и других соседних стран. Цель состоит в том, чтобы никогда не оставлять без присмотра президента России, а это значит , приставать к нему с многочисленными телефонными звонками и неоднократные требования вести переговоры и позволяют нам предоставлять гуманитарную помощь. Ядро позиции Европы, вместе с Соединенными Штатами и союзниками, чтобы остаться твердо на принципах, в частности фундаментального права человека жить в мире. В течение двух лет, единую позицию в защиту Украины состоялось неожиданно хорошо среди европейцев, и в трансатлантических отношениях, а также с союзниками на других континентах, как Австралия и Япония. Санкции являются лишь одним из аспектов этого единства. Все правительства выразить особую солидарность с государствами , которые чувствуют себя более уязвимыми, как прибалтийские республики, а НАТО находится в процессе укрепления обороноспособности и боевой готовности на Востоке. В Москве до сих пор не в его tradgame разделяй и властвуй - хотя некоторые нации, как финском, латышском, или словацком, пострадали от санкций и российских контр-санкций. Несмотря ни на что , авантюризм Путина укрепила связи между демократиями в период экономических трудностей, рост популизма и пугающих проблем беженцев. Путин, наверное, не ожидал , что западная солидарность быть твердым, и он не ожидал , чтобы попасть в болезненные, длительные переговоры по Украине и Сирии. Решительная Ангела Меркель Франсуа Олланд тандем заставил Россию спинками повстанцев в Донбассе свернуть вооруженную борьбу и давление Киева в политико-административных и экономических реформ. Соглашение о прекращении огня, посредником в Минске, был настоящим достижением для Киева и для французских и немецких дипломатий, даже если документ является громоздким, вряд ли будут выполнены в полном объеме или отдать Украине свои законные границы. Париж и Берлин держится в постоянная горячая линия с Москвой и предложил сохранить лицо тактики. Олланд даже предложил, в ряде случаев, что санкции могут быть смягчены, как морковь , чтобы привлечь Путина к европейским позициям. Но без толку - все вместе, Кремль доказал , не желая идти на компромисс, и теперь выглядит готовым пойти на длительный, если низкой интенсивности конфликта в Украине. Как и в Минском процессе, переговоры по Сирии произвели неудовлетворительные документы, не решить конфликт, но снизить уровень насилия и человеческие жертвы. Это может показаться неуместным сравнивать Донбасс и Сирии, где масштабы насилия, жертв, разрушений и беженцев безгранична. Тем не менее, Москва провели параллели, и в обоих случаях отказано мирный характер политического протеста против коррумпированного правительства, тем самым оправдывая вооруженную ответный удар. Конфликт в Сирии начался в 2011 году в качестве гражданского конкурса, как и в Тунисе, Египте и Ливии. Асад прибегли к непропорциональному репрессии , чтобы подавить социальный бунт, так и не удалось. Тотальная внутренняя война последовало, и, что еще хуже, IS укоренился в Сирии в 2014.Moscow могла его вес в политической сделки для диктатора , чтобы отбыть, и прекратить поставки оружия в Дамаск, но решил не делать этого , Предпочтение пошел к длительной гражданской войны, как и терроризм spread.In осенью 2015 года, Россия хотела , чтобы вернуть некоторые западные уважение, особенно после террористических актов в Париже 13 ноября Но он не смог создать коалицию, выбирая вместо полностью на стороне "регулярной армии" Страйк повстанцев и исламистами Асада , так и антагонизм большинство западных и арабских стран.





















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